Advances in Research

Modelling and Optimizing the Effect of pH on Remediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil with Biochar Blend: RSM Approach

Advances in Research, Volume 24, Issue 3, Page 56-73
DOI: 10.9734/air/2023/v24i3942

Abstract


This research modelled the effect of pH on the remediation of crude oil-polluted soil using biochar blend. The biochar blends, PL-500, pW-500, and RS-400, were made by pyrolyzing poultry litter, pine wood, and rice straw at varied temperatures and times. The pH of the crude oil polluted soil was 4.72. Response surface experimental design mixed biochar to remediate total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). Following 30 days of bioremediation, 15g PL-500, 3g PW-500 and 6g RS-400, removed a maximum of 46% TPH. The experimental data were statistically modelled and optimized using design expert software and response surface methods. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of each regression coefficient. Biochar blend improved soil pH to 6.9 following remediation. ANOVA indicated that PL-500 was significant for predicting TPH % degradation at p =0.0290, suggesting that its high pH, nutrient, and soil water conservation values made it more effective in remediating TPH. The quadratic model predicts  with R2 =0.8567. A model fit statistics were used to examine soil pH influence on TPH remediation. RSM study indicated a good positive association between statistical model and experiment with R2 = 0.7612. The model fits experimental data and predicts that  . Remediation requires soil pH and biochar's alkalinity raised soil pH to 6.9, which promoted hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria.

Keywords:
  • Biochar blend
  • pH effect
  • bioremediation
  • crude oil polluted soil
  • RSM modeling and optimization

How to Cite

Itam, D. H., Udeh, N. U., & Ugwoha , E. (2023). Modelling and Optimizing the Effect of pH on Remediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil with Biochar Blend: RSM Approach. Advances in Research, 24(3), 56–73. https://doi.org/10.9734/air/2023/v24i3942

References

Nuhu MM, Rene ER, Ishaq A. Remediation of crude oil spill sites in Nigeria: Problems, technologies, and future prospects. In Environmental Quality Management. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2021. Available:https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21793

Wang S, Xu Y, Lin Z, Zhang J, Norbu N, Liu W. The harm of petroleum-polluted soil and its remediation research. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2017;1864:020222. Available:https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4993039

Nduka JK, Orisakwe OE. Water-quality issues in the Niger Delta of Nigeria: A look at heavy metal levels and some physicochemical properties. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2011;18(2):237–246.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-010-0366-3

Sojinu OSS, Wang JZ, Sonibare OO, Zeng EY. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and soils from oil exploration areas of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. In Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010;174:641-647.

Erdogan EE, Karaca A. Bioremediation of crude oil polluted soils. Asian Journal of Biotechnology. 2011;3(3):206–213.

Ugwoha E, Iwuchukwu OL. Modeling the bioremediation of petrol contaminated soil by clogged-drainage bacteria. Uniport Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research. 2020;5(SI):71–81.

Bijay T, Ajay KKC, Anish G. A review on bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in soil. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology. 2012;8(I):164–170.

Ofoegbu RU, Momoh YOL, Nwaogazie IL. Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using organic and inorganic fertilizers. Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology. 2014;6:1–6.

Kim H, Kim J, Kim M, Hyun S, Moon DH. Sorption of sulfathiazole in the soil treated with giant miscanthus-derived biochar: effect of biochar pyrolysis temperature, soil pH, and aging period. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2018;25:25681–25689.

Sizmur T, Quilliam R, Puga A, Moreno-Jimenez E, Beesley L, Gomez-Eyles J. Application of biochar for soil remediation. In Agricultural and environmental applications of biochar: Advances and barriers, Madison: Soil Science Society of America, Inc. 2016:295–324. DOI: 10.2136/sssaspecpub63.2014.0046.5

Garca-Delgado C, Alfaro-Barta I, Eymar E. Combination of biochar amendment and mycoremediation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons immobilization and biodegradation in creosote-contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2015;285:259–266. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.002

Qin G, Gong D, Fan MY. Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by biostimulation amended with biochar. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2013;85:150–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.07.004

Zhang H, Fu H, Zhang DB, Hazard J. Mater. 2009;172:654.

Box GEP, Draper NR. Empirical model-building and response surfaces. John Wiley & Sons; 1987.

Draper N, John JA. Technometrics. 1988;30:423.

Gaitonde VN, Karnik SR, Siddeswarappa B, Achyutha BT. Integrating box-behnken design with genetic algorithm to determine the optimal parametric combination for minimizing burr size in drilling of AISI 316L stainless steel. Int Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2008;37:230–240.

Taki G, Islam MN, Seong-Jae P, Jeong-Hun P. Optimization of operating parameters to remove and recover crude oil from contaminated soil using subcritical water extraction process. Environ. Eng. Res. 2018;23(2):175–180.

Available:https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2017.145

Aghamiri SF, Kabiri K, Giti E. A novel approach for optimization of crude oil bioremediation in soil by the taguchi method. J. Pet. Environ. Biotechnol. 2011;2(2):1–6. Available:https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000110

Olatunji OM, Horsfall IT, Ubom EV. Response surface optimization approach to predict the maximum %biodiesel yield via transesterification of esterified shea butter oil by utilizing bio-catalysts. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry. 2021;4. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100167

Olatunji OM, Itam DH, Akpan GE, Horsfall IT. Predictive modeling coupled with multiple optimization techniques for assessing the effect of various process parameters on oil and pectin extraction from watermelon rind. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability. 2022;6(3):765–779. Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-022-00248-0

Babu VS, Kumar SS, Murali RV, Rao MM. Investigation and validation of optimal cutting parameters for least surface roughness in EN24 with response surface method. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology. 2011;3(6):146–160.

Gama B, De-Farias-Silva CE, Oliveira-Da-Silva LM, Abud AKS. Extraction and characterization of pectin from citric waste. Chem Eng Trans. 2015;44:259–264.

Khan S, Waqas M, Ding FH, Shamshad I, Arp HPH, Li G. The influence of various biochars on the bioaccessibility and bioaccumulation of PAHs and potentially toxic elements to turnips (Brassica rapa L.). J. Hazard Mater. 2015;300:243–253.

Fakayode OA, Abobi KE. Optimization of oil and pectin extraction from orange (Citrus sinensis) peels: A response surface approach. J Anal Sci Technol. 2018;9(1):1–16. Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-018-0151-3

Agarry SE, Ogunleye OO. Factorial designs application to study enhanced bioremediation of soil artificially contaminated with weathered bonny light crude oil through biostimulation and bioaugmentation strategy. Journal of Environmental Protection. 2012a;3(8):748–759.

Agarry SE, Ogunleye OO. Box-Behnken design application to study enhanced bioremediation of soil artificially contaminated with spent engine oil using biostimulation strategy; 2012b. Available:http://www.journal-ijeee.com/content/3/1/31

Tanarslan HM, Secer M, Kumanlioglu A. An approach for estimating the capacity of RC beams strengthened in shear with FRP reinforcements using artificial neural networks. Constr Build Mater. 2012;30:556–68. DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.008

Miller RW, Donahue RL. Soils in our environment. Prentice-Hall, London; 1995.

Okon IE, Ogba CO. The impacts of crude oil exploitation on soil in some parts of Ogoni Region, Rivers State, Southern Nigeria. Open Access Library Journal. 2018;5:e4297. Available:https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104297

Qin X, Tang JC, Li DS, Zhang QM. Effect of salinity on the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a saline-alkaline soil. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2012;55(3):210–217. Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2012.03280.x

Ebadi A, Khoshkholgh Sima NA, Olamaee M, Hashemi M, Ghorbani Nasrabadi R. Remediation of saline soils contaminated with crude oil using the halophyte Salicornia persica in conjunction with hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018;219:260–268. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.115

Chatterjee R, Sajjadi B, Chen WY, Mattern DL, Hammer N, Raman V, Dorris A. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical properties and acoustic-based amination of biochar for efficient CO2 adsorption. Frontiers in Energy Research. 2020;8. DOI:10.3389/fenrg.2020.00085

Montgomery DC. Design and analysis of experiments, 7th edn. John Wiley, New York; 2008.

Myers RH, Montgomery DC. Response surface methodology: Process and product optimization using designed experiments. 1st Edn. John Wiley and Sons. New York; 2002.

ISBN: 0471412554

Ekundayo EO. Influence of different soil types on abundance of vesicular-arbuscal or mycorrhizal fungi in arable soils of Southern Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Soil Science. 2004;14:40-47.

Lawson IYD, Abeka H, Asuming-Brempong S, Boakye EY, Danso SKA. Enhancement of microbial degradation of diesel oil by biochar in an oxisol. J. Ghana Sci. Assoc. 2019;18:41–46.

Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang X. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by petroleum-degrading bacteria immobilized on biochar. RSC Advances. 2019;9(60):35304–35311. Available:https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06726d

Brewer C, Brown R. Biochar. In: Sayigh, A. (Ed.) Comprehensive Renewable Energy. Elsevier, Oxford; 2012.

Available:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080878720005242 Access on 02/10/2020

Gul S, Whalen JK, Thomas BW, Sachdeva V, Deng H. Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils: Mechanisms and future directions. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2015;206:46–59.

Dike CC, Shahsavari E, Surapaneni A, Shah K, Ball AS. Can biochar be an effective and reliable biostimulating agent for the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils? In Environment International. Elsevier Ltd. 2021;154.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106553

Laird D, et al. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma. 2010;158:436–442.

Mozaffari M, Russelle MP, Rosen CJ. Nutrient supply and neutralizing value of alfalfa stem gasification ash. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2002;66:171-178.

Ducey TF, Novak JM, Johnson MG. Effects of biochar blends on microbial community composition in two coastal plain soils. Agriculture (Switzerland). 2015;5(4):1060–1075. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture5041060

Allyson S. Biochar production for carbon sequestration, a major qualifying project submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in Shanghai, China; 2011.

Novak JM, Busscher WJ, Laird DL, Ahmedna M, Watts DW, Niandou MAS. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil. Soil Sci. 2009;174:105–112.

US EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency. Microwave assisted acid digestion of siliceous and organically based matrices. In: Test methods for evaluating solid waste, physical/chemical methods. SW-846, US EPA, Washington; 1996. Available:http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/3052.pdf. Access on 18 September 2012

  • 32 times
    PDF Download: 17 times

Download Statistics

Make a Submission

Information

Current Issue