Determination of β-carotene and α-tocopherol Content in Selected Fresh and Dry Vegetables in Butula in Busia County
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Published
Mar 2, 2021
Page:
12-20
Main Article Content
Rachel Nambafu
Chemistry Department, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Sauda Swaleh
Chemistry Department, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Hudson Nyambaka
Chemistry Department, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Abstract
The study involved the determination of β-carotene and α-tocopherol content in selected fresh and dry vegetables (amaranthus, cowpea leaves, nightshade, slender leaf, pumpkin leaves and frying spider) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) procedure. Fresh blanched vegetables contained high levels of β-carotene; 4000-9700µg/100g and α-tocopherol levels; 3000-7360µg/100g (WW). The solar dried vegetables contained β- carotene levels ranging from 572 to 854µg g-1 dry weight (DW) and α-tocopherol levels ranging from 281 to 673µg g-1 (DW). Solar dried vegetables contained significantly lower (P<0.05) amounts of β-carotene and α-tocopherol which were moderately bioavailable when mixed in good proportion to meet Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamins A and E; which are 750µg retinol equivalent/day and 8mg/day respectively. The results will provide nutritional information on the indigenous vegetables grown in Butula in Busia County.
Keywords:
Indigenous vegetables, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol.
Article Details
How to Cite
Nambafu, R., Swaleh, S., & Nyambaka, H. (2021). Determination of β-carotene and α-tocopherol Content in Selected Fresh and Dry Vegetables in Butula in Busia County. Advances in Research, 22(1), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.9734/air/2021/v22i130281
Section
Original Research Article
References
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Wakhanu, J Nyambaka, H Nawiri, M Kimiywe, J Thagana W. Nutrition-Sensitive Intervention with African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables among School-Going Children in Machakos County, Kenya. Journal of Medicinally Active Plants. 2020;9(3):111-125
Lubeka, C., Kimiywe, J., & Nyambaka H. Impact of school garden on dietary diversity and micronutrient level of pre-school children in Makueni County –Kenya. Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition. 2020;5(4):85-97.
John Wakhanu, Hudson Nyambaka, Judith Kimiywe, Mildred Nawiri and Wilson M. Thagana. Consumption of African Indigenous Vegetables Improves Children’s body Fat Free Mass in Machakos County, Kenya. Journal of Food Science and Engineering. 2019;9(2019): 305-317.
Nyambaka HN, Nderitu J, Nawiri MP and Murungi JI. Use of kitchen steel wool as oxygen absorber improves storage retention of beta-carotene in solar-dried vegetables. Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry. 2012;1(6):326-333.
Sarah M, Maina M. Vegetables in East Africa. Farming resources series. Elewa publications. Nairobi; 2008.
Nyambaka HN and Nyagah G. Determination of β-Carotene and α- Tocopherol in Vegetable Foods by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Intern. J. Biochemphysics. 1991;1(2):38-41.
Marina Vera Zambrano, Baishali Dutta, Donald G, Mercer Heather L, MacLean Marianne F, Touchie Gustavsson. Assessment of moisture content measurement methods of dried food products in small-scale operations in developing countries: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2019;88: 484–496.
Nawiri MP, Nyambaka HN, Murungi JI. Sundried cowpeas and amaranthus leaves recipe improves beta-carotene and retinol in serum and hemoglobin concentration among preschool children. European Journal of Nutrition. 2013;52(2):582-589.
Mulokozi G, Mselle L, Mgoba C, Mugyabuso JKL, Ndossi GO. Improved solar drying of vitamin A rich foods by women’s groups in the Singida district of Tanzania. A research report. ICRW/OMNI research program. Washington DC: international center for research on women; 2000.
Manuche W. Analysis of vitamin A content in the traditionally preserved indigenous vegetables: A case study of Koru location, Nyando district. Msc thesis. Kenyatta University; 2003.
Peter Chege, Elizabeth Kuria, Judith Kimiywe, Hudson Nyambaka. Retention of Β- Carotene, Iron and Zinc in solar dried amaranth leaves in Kajiado County, Kenya International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR). 2014; 13(2):329-338.
Government of Kenya. Busia district development plan (BDDP) 2002/2008. Ministry of planning. Nairobi; 2002.
Brubacher G. Methods for determination of vitamin in food. Elsevier applied science publisher. London; 1986.
Nyambaka H, Ryley J. An isocratic reversed phase HPLC separation of the stereoisomer of the provitamin A carotenoids (β-carotene and α-tocopherol) in dark green leafy vegetables. Food chemistry. 1996;55:63-72.